Present-day Pakistan arose out of the Pakistan Movement, which demanded a separate state for the Muslims of the British Raj. [15] At least 126,000 people from Canada, the US and Europe are living in Mainland China. [39][40] The expansion of the Israeli Settler movement, especially in the West Bank, has been given as one rationale for bi-nationalism and the increased infeasibility of the two-state alternative: "Support for one state is hardly a radical idea; it is simply the recognition of the uncomfortable reality that Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories already function as a single state. [68][69], The Reut Institute expands on these concerns of many Israeli Jews and says that a one-state scenario without any institutional safeguards would negate Israel's status as a homeland for the Jewish people. A one-state, one-nation solution where Arabic-speaking Palestinians would adopt a Hebrew-speaking Israeli identity (although not necessarily the Jewish religion) was advocated within Israel by the Canaanite movement of the 1940s and 1950s, as well as more recently in the Engagement Movement led by Tsvi Misinai. The question of what is going to be the fate of the Jews is very difficult for me. [46][47] The term "Home Nations" is used to describe the national teams that represent the four nations of the United Kingdom: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales in various sports. Activities support: Migrant students who travel between the two countries Teachers who participate in the three-year California Teacher Exchange Program Palestinians no longer travel freely to Tel Aviv. Sw 8/9/13 HERE are many translated example sentences containing "BINATIONAL STATE" - english-indonesian translations and search engine for english translations. UN-2. In the early 1950s, those of us who advocated a two-state solution stood alone. In 2006, the House of Commons of Canada voted in favor of Government Business No. We want peace and we want an agreement, we do not want a binational state, . About half of the settlements have populations fewer than 1,000 and only 15 have populations greater than 5,000. Define binational. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state."[19][20]. This is a recipe for the worst sort of ethnic politics and majoritarianism . This land will either be home to two nation-states for two peoples, or one nation-state - a Palestinian Arab state. Reinhold Niebuhr's support for the foundation of the state of Israel is argued to be an expression of his Christian realism, and as such is based on his ethics but not his theology. This led to political unrest throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and in the aftermath of the difficult 200708 Belgian government formation, the Belgian media envisaged a partition of Belgium as a potential solution. The Northern Isles, with their Norse-derived culture, were part of Scotland, having been pledged by Norway as security against the payment of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark[53] and then integrated in 1471. According to a 2017 survey, support for a one-state solution stands at 36% among Palestinians, 19% among Israeli Jews and 56% among Israeli Arabs. He noted that only about 400 settler households were engaged in agriculture, with the amount of settler-owned farmland comprising only 1.5% of the West Bank. Israel for example has many hallmarks of a Binational or Multinational State (as they are more often called, the term Binational state is usually only applied to the Israel-Palestine discourse). The movement asserted that Urdu's official status gave an unfair advantage to Muhajirs (most of whom speak Urdu as their mother tongue) and Punjabis (whose mother tongue, Punjabi, is similar to Urdu, and many of whom were educated in Urdu under British rule). According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the third-largest in the world, numbering over 11.6 million;[25] most of which are from post-Soviet states, mainly Ukrainians. Bernardo Sepulveda chaired the Binational Commission, together with the US Secretary of State. In 1965, Singapore seceded from the federation. As Ilan Peleg wrote in Democratizing the Hegemonic State: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, One can be a Scot and a Brit in the United Kingdom, a Jew and an American in the United States, an Igbo and a Nigerian in Nigeria One might find it hard to be a Slovak and a Hungarian, an Arab and an Israeli, a Breton and a Frenchman. argue that it would make Israeli Jews an ethnic minority[65][66] in the only Jewish country. Israel was established as a binational state by the UN in 1947 and remains a binational state to this day because all refugees have an inalienable right to return home. As of 2010, 91.51% of the population were classified as Han (~1.2 billion). The principal languages of Austria-Hungary were German, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, and Croatian, but there were also many minor languages, including Ukrainian, Romanian, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Rusyn, Italian, and Yiddish.[68]. The following day, the Supreme Soviet, the highest governmental body of the Soviet Union, dissolved itself. These people are wrong on both counts: partition is possible, and a binational state is not. The country has a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency composed of one member of each major ethnic group. In order to address the problem of cross-border crime . When asked whether he thought a Jewish minority would be treated fairly in a binational state, Said replied that "it worries me a great deal. The CIA World Factbook (2011) describes Spain's ethnic makeup as a "composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types", instead of the usual breakdown of ethnic composition. The IHRA definition's statement that an example of antisemitism is "Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, eg, by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a . [62], The Scottish National Party, the largest political party in Scotland, is committed to the goal of an independent Scotland within the European Union, but this is opposed by the leadership of the next three largest parties in the Scottish Parliament. [74], It has even been argued that Jews would face the threat of genocide. Most of its states are based on a linguistic ethnicity,[17] including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh (Hindustanis), Gujarat (Gujaratis), West Bengal (Bengalis), Maharashtra (Marathis), Punjab (Punjabis), Haryana (Haryanvis), Rajasthan (Rajasthanis), Odisha (Odias), Jammu and Kashmir (Dogras and Kashmiris), Goa (Konkanis), Tamil Nadu (Tamils), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (Telugus), Karnataka (Kannadigas), Kerala (Malayalis), Manipur (Manipuris), Mizoram (Mizos), Nagaland (Nagas), Meghalaya (Khasi), Tripura (Tripuri), and Sikkim (Sikkimese). Israelis no longer shop in Nablus and Gaza the way they did before the Oslo accords. Some critics[which? The connection between losing the Jewish demographic majority and the fear of the demand for equal voting rights for everyone - one man, one vote - that would bring an end to the Jewish state shows that the type of regime identified with binationalism is a classic liberal regime of individual rights in a unitary, centralized state, without any However, the group actually encompasses two distinct ethnicities: the Hausa and the Fulani (or Fulbe). A binational state in the West Bank would not, for example, uproot either community from their homes; it would allow for both sides to retain their attachment and passion for the land itself and . The Second Subcommittee, which included all the Arab and Muslim States members, issued a long report arguing that partition was illegal according to the terms of the Mandate and proposing a unitary democratic state that would protect rights of all citizens equally. THE ORIGINS OF LIBERATION MOVEMENTS. These examples have been automatically selected and may contain sensitive content that does not reflect the opinions or policies of Collins, or its parent company HarperCollins. [21] Common grievances of these movements include the idea that Punjabis dominate Pakistan politically and economically, thus marginalizing other groups, and that the establishment of Urdu as the country's sole official language is a form of cultural imperialism that ignores the heritage of Pakistan's diverse peoples. [75] Morris argued that while the Palestinians would have few moral inhibitions over the destruction of Israeli-Jewish society through mass murder or expulsion, fear of international intervention would probably stymie such an outcome.[74]. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is a multinational state consisting of 56 ethnic groups with the Han people the largest ethnic group in mainland China. In 2006, this last vestige separated into Serbia and Montenegro, but only to go further in 2008 after Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence but with limited recognition. A number of groups, including the Canaanites, the Israelites (who later became the Jews),[16] the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Jews, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, Mamluks, Ottomans, the British, Israelis, Jordanians, and Egyptians have controlled the region at one time or another. Barghouti argues that a binational solution to the conflict would be based on the assumption that there are two genuine national movements that are party to the conflict. Denying this reality has . [53], In 2013, professor Ian Lustick wrote in The New York Times that the "fantasy" of a two-state solution prevented people from working on solutions that might really work. The one-state solution neither destroys the Jewish character of the Holy Land nor negates the Jewish historical and religious attachment (although it would destroy the superior status of Jews in that state). The first country to be known by this name was the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, known until 3 October 1929 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. [44][45] Hamas co-founder Mahmoud Al-Zahar has been cited saying he "did not rule out the possibility of having Jews, Muslims and Christians living under the sovereignty of an Islamic state. Israel and Palestine (and perhaps Jordan too) will rapidly or slowly grow together into a kind of federation, becoming part of a regional union. Lustick concludes that while it may not arise without "painful stalemates", a one-state solution may be a way to eventual Palestinian independence. The report of the Shaw Commission, known as the Shaw Report or Command Paper No 3530, attributed the violence to "the twofold fear of the Arabs that, by Jewish immigration and land purchase, they might be deprived of their livelihood and, in time, pass under the political domination of the Jews". [13] They argue that the absorption of millions of Palestinians, along with a right of return for Palestinian refugees, and the generally high birthrate among Palestinians would quickly render Jews an ethnic minority and eliminate their rights to self-determination. The bill was titled "Basic Law: the State of all its Citizens," and it provided the basis for Israel's turning into a binational state, in which the Jewish nation and the Palestinian nation . ", "An Alternative Future: An Exchange by Amos Elon", "6 in 10 Palestinians reject 2-state solution, survey finds", "Iran rejects two-state solution for Palestine", "Maximizing Rights: The One State Solution to the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One-state_solution&oldid=1135215657, Leon, Dan. While Bishara, a Palestinian, albeit a citizen of Israel and indeed a self-declared candidate for the prime ministership of this state, merci- [34] In November 2009, Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat proposed the adoption of the one-state solution if Israel did not halt settlement construction: "[Palestinians must] refocus their attention on the one-state solution where Muslims, Christians and Jews can live as equals. [50][51], Leftist journalists from Israel, such as Haim Hanegbi and Daniel Gavron, have called for the public to "face the facts" and accept the binational solution. Present-day South Africa is the successor state to the Union of South Africa, which was formed from four British colonies in 1910. Fact Sheet Office of the Spokesman Mexico City, Mexico November 9, 2004 U.S. - Mexico Binational Commission. This contrasts with a nation state, where a single nation accounts for the bulk of the population. Depending on various points of view, a one-state solution to the IsraeliPalestinian conflict is presented as a situation in which Israel would ostensibly lose its character as a Jewish state and the Palestinians would fail to achieve their national independence within a two-state solution[13] or, alternatively, as the best, most just, and only way to resolve the IsraeliPalestinian conflict. McMahon promised Hussein and his Arab followers the territory of the Ottoman Empire in exchange for assistance in driving out the Ottoman Turks. legal effect of customary law marriage in nigeria. Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which Israel will annex the West Bank but not the Gaza Strip and remain a Jewish and democratic state with a larger Arab minority. [95] 66% said the Palestinians real goal should be to start with a two-state solution but then move to it all being one Palestinian state. Despite their bitter assaults against one another's ideas, they are far closer than they realize. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. [33], John Mearsheimer, co-director of the Programme on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago, says the binational solution has become inevitable. [55] Some Israeli politicians, including former defense minister Moshe Arens,[56] and former President Reuven Rivlin[57] and Uri Ariel[58] have voiced support for a one-state solution, rather than divide the West Bank in a two-state solution. Over time, their purpose has evolved to address many different health issues. Almost a century later, the Kingdom of Ireland merged with the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the 1800 Acts of Union. Historical multinational states that have since split into multiple sovereign states include the Ottoman Empire, British India, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Austria-Hungary (a dual monarchy of two multinational states). However, Russia's 193 minority ethnic groups speak over 100 languages. In his book One State, Two States, he wrote "What Muslim Arab society in the modern age has treated Christians, Jews, pagans, Buddhists, and Hindus with tolerance and as equals? The major minority ethnic groups in China are Zhuang (16.9 million), Hui (10.5 million), Manchu (10.3 million), Uyghur (10 million), Miao (9.4 million), Yi (8.7 million), Tujia (8.3 million), Tibetan (6.2 million), Mongolian (5.9 million), Dong (2.8 million), Buyei (2.8 million), Yao (2.7 million), Bai (1.9 million), Korean (1.8 million), Hani (1.6 million), Li (1.4 million), Kazakh (1.4 million) and Dai (1.2 million). This reflects the formation of the modern Kingdom of Spain by the accretion of numerous independent Iberian realms: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Castile, Catalonia, Galicia, Len, Majorca, Navarre, and Valencia. "[46] Islamic Jihad for its part rejects a two state solution. This Order is issued pursuant to Health and Safety Code sections 120125, 120140, 120175,120195 and 131080 and other applicable law. Browse the use examples 'Binational Commission' in the great English corpus. These include not only communities of ethnic, regional, religious, and civic (the provincial and municipal governments) sorts, but also national communities, which often include or overlap with many of the other kinds. He claims to base his own support of a single, democratic state on the principle of equality while opposing the claim that the Jews have a . Review essay of Tom Segev, A State at Any Cost.The Life of David Ben-Gurion, translated by Haim Watzman (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019).. David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) was a key figure in the creation and building of the State of Israel, second in importance only to the founder of modern Zionism, Theodore Herzl, and central to the establishment of Zionism as the hegemonic politics . Examples of historical multinational states that have since split into multiple sovereign states include the Ottoman Empire, British India, Czechoslovakia, the Empire of Japan, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Austria-Hungary, that was a joint monarchy of two multinational states. [54], In recent years, some politicians and political commentators representing the right wing of Israeli politics have advocated annexing the West Bank, and granting the West Bank's Palestinian population Israeli citizenship while maintaining Israel's current status as a Jewish state with recognized minorities. On the other hand, a binational statean extremely rare state-form in the Western world and wholly nonexistent in the Arab-Muslim Middle Eastis not a realistic option. Good luck! [13] Israeli Prime Minister Olmert argued, in a 2007 interview with the Israeli daily Ha'aretz, that without a two-state agreement Israel would face "a South African-style struggle for equal voting rights" in which case "Israel [would be] finished". On the Palestinian side, similar voices have been raised. [42], Hamas has at times ruled out a two state solution, and at other times endorsed the possibility of a two-state solution. In the past, this has led to conflict. [10][11] In April 2016, then-U.S. Vice President Joe Biden said that because of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's policy of steady expansion of settlements, an eventual "one-state reality" with Israeli Jews no longer in the majority was the likely outcome. Under this agreement, the region of Palestine would be controlled by Britain. The White Paper was seen by the Jewish community as a revocation of the Balfour Declaration, and due to Jewish persecution in the Holocaust, Jews continued to immigrate illegally in what has become known as Aliyah Bet.[26]. These critics also cite the 1937 Peel Commission, which recommended partition as the only means of ending the ongoing conflict. Support for a one-state solution is increasing[when?] The United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, India, South Africa and Canada are viewed as present-day examples of multinational states, while Austria-Hungary, USSR and Yugoslavia are examples of historical multinational states which have since split into a number of sovereign states. ", "Russia and Ukraine Fight, But Their People Seek Reconciliation", "The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Census of population, households and dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final results", "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011", System of minorities protection in Serbia, "The relation between the state and the National Minority Councils", "Serbian Government Official Presentation", "Beogradski centar za ljudska prava Belgrade Centre for Human Rights", "Regulatory Reform in a Multinational State: The Emergence of Multilevel Regulation in the United Kingdom", DIVERSITY AND CITIZENSHIP CURRICULUM REVIEW, "London 2012: Hugh Robertson puts Home Nations football team on agenda", "Orkney and Shetland Are Pawned as Dowry History Channel", "The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921", "The Troubles gallery 40 years of conflict in Northern Ireland from the Belfast Telegraph archives BelfastTelegraph.co.uk", "BBC History The Troubles Violence", "Union flag protests: more than 200 arrested in Northern Ireland", "Scottish referendum: Scotland votes 'No' to independence", We'd be a more united kingdom with an independent Scotland, "Northern Ireland Assembly election 2017 results", "Sinn Fein chief Gerry Adams in fresh call for united Ireland border poll BelfastTelegraph.co.uk", "D'Hondt system for picking NI ministers in Stormont", Origins of Moral-Ethical Crisis and Ways to Overcome it, "Interesting things about the royal order of Montenegro Untitled", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multinational_state&oldid=1137963275, Articles with Norwegian-language sources (no), Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 08:28. A just "one-state solution" is still possible in Israel/Palestine: But not if the media buries it There's real support for a binational state in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. Ilan Peleg, 'Classifying Multinational States' in, multilingual countries and regions of Europe, Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unify Ireland as a 32-county independent republic, Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary, declared Russia's sovereignty over its territory, "Built to Last? In a referendum on 17 March 1991, majorities in nine of the 15 republics voted to preserve the Union. In response to these riots, Britain established the Haycraft Commission of Inquiry. [71], Some scholars had argued that a one-state solution is supported by "anti-Israel" advocates. Hussein interpreted these letters as promising the region of Palestine to the Arabs. [93], In April 2010, a poll by the Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre also found that Palestinian support for a "bi-national" solution had jumped from 20.6 percent in June 2009 to 33.8 percent. As a result, the new binational state would be financially crippled. There is no ethnic majority in Ghana. Lesotho still claims large swathes of South Africa, and attempts have been made to cede some South African territory to Botswana and Eswatini. Is the United States multiethnic or multinational? [25], Violence erupted again during the 193639 Arab revolt in Palestine. Some analysts have described the European Union as a multinational state or a potential one. ", This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 09:48. By Jeremiah Haber. "[70], In an interview with Jeffrey Goldberg, Hussein Ibish claimed that it is not realistic for Israel to be compelled to accept a binational solution with full right of return for refugees through international pressure or sanctions. Continued violence and the heavy cost of World War II prompted Britain to turn over the issue of Palestine to the United Nations in 1947. However, large cities such as Johannesburg are home to a mixture of national groups, leading to a "melting pot" of cultures. ()(enoch o.hwang) ;,, 2018-02-00 16 405 874 ISBN9787121334214 2 ()(enoch o.hwang) ;,, As is the case throughout Africa, the nations of South Africa mostly correspond to specific regions. In the 2011 census, Serbian was the most common mother tongue (42.88%), Montenegrin the second (36.97%), and Bosnian the third (5.33%). As a result, the balance of power tipped significantly toward the republics. Translations in context of "BINATIONAL STATE" in english-bulgarian. [1][2], Many attempts have been made to define what a multinational state is. "[70] Among the 15 republics were the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which they were illegally annexed into the Soviet Union in 1940 and the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states was not recognized by a number of Western governments including the United States. [48], The Kingdom of Great Britain was created on 1 May 1707 by the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland. The Peel Commission concluded that only partition could put an end to the violence, and proposed the Peel Partition Plan. There is talk once again of a one-state bi-national solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In order to maintain a nation state, France does not recognize any national identity or language other than French in its territory. Held alternately in Washington and Mexico City, the Cabinet-level Binational Commission (BNC) is the principal mechanism for focusing high-level attention on the full range of issues affecting relations between the United States and Mexico. They are not religious in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. Doubts remained about the authority of the Belavezha Accords to dissolve the Union, but on 21 December 1991, representatives of every Soviet republic except Georgiaincluding those that had signed the Belavezha Accordssigned the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the USSR and reiterated the establishment of the CIS. (Even in. Hussein, Cherine. In the 2010 Census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians,[23] while rest of the 19% of the population were minorities;[24] while around 84.93% of the Russia's population was of European descent,[24] of which the vast majority were Slavs, with minorities of Germanic, Baltic-Finns and other peoples. We propose a binational approach to comprehensively address the health problems and socioeconomic challenges faced by . Call us: +44 (0) 1932 429 779. [29] The constitution gives the individual republics of the country the right to establish their own state languages in addition to Russian.[30]. The Jews would return to the traumatic experience of a people without a state. California Department of Public Health. The students credits are accepted, thus, the student is placed appropriately. Both nations want to self determine and they don't want to live together. Prior to the 1960s, no solution to the conflict in which Arabs and Jews would share a binational state was accepted among Palestinians. . Israel and Palestine - a binational state or two states for two nations IIP International Institute for Peace ISRAEL, PALESTINE AND STILL NO PEACE by Hannes Swoboda Angelika Timm undertook the difficult task to collect the many peace initiatives concerning Israel and Palestine in one book. [67], Critics[which?] Starting in 1991, the SFRY disintegrated in the Yugoslav Wars, which followed the secession of most of the country's constituent entities. The one-state solution, sometimes also called a bi-national state, is a proposed approach to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, according to which one state must be established between the River Jordan and the Mediterranean. The 1948 ArabIsraeli War resulted in Israel's establishment as well as the flight or expulsion of over 700,000 Palestinians from the territory that became Israel. ", "Olmert to Haaretz: Two-state solution, or Israel is done for", "Palestinian state may have to be abandoned Erekat", "Two Peoples, One State - Nations & States - Global Policy Forum", "Hamas: We won't accept two-state solution,", "Haniyeh to UN chief: Hamas accepts Palestinian state in '67 borders", "Hamas leader urges int'l community to respect Palestinian people's choice", "Islamic Jihad Leader Rejects Two-State Solution to Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,", "Dead Peace Process Could be "National Suicide" for Israel - IPS ipsnews.net", Leading Palestinian intellectual: We already have a one-state solution, "Strenger than Fiction / Israel should consider a one-state solution", "The newly confident Israeli proponents of a one-state solution", "New housing minister rejects settlement freeze as 'dreadful' idea", "Israel official: Accepting Palestinians into Israel better than two states", "Hotovely laments Likud 'schizophrenia' on two states", "Naftali Bennett for Israel Two-State is No Solution", "The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza", "Right-wing annexation drive fueled by false demographics, experts say", "Harvard hosting confab on one-state solution | JTA - Jewish & Israel News", "Demography in Israel/Palestine: Trends, Prospects, Policy Implications", "Mandate For Palestine - The Legal Aspects of Jewish Rights", "Peter Beinart ignores an inconvenient truth: Israelis and Palestinians haven't given up on a two-state solution", "Hussein Ibish on the Fantasy World of One-Staters", "Anti-Israel Activity on Campus, 2011-2012: An ADL Annual Review. While some are so small that they only show up in one local Government area. [1] [2] [28] According to the 2002 Census, 142.6million people speak Russian, followed by Tatar with 5.3million, and Ukrainian with 1.8million speakers. adj. Liberation Movements. "[47], Libyan former leader Muammar al-Gaddafi proposed, in 2003, a one-state solution known as the Isratin proposal. It was succeeded by Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, proclaimed in 1943 by the Yugoslav Partisans resistance movement. Bihar and Jharkhand are home to the Maithils, Santalis, and the Hindustani language speaking people. 52 percent say that the two-state solution is no longer possible. The same constitution, in its preamble, speaks of "peoples and nationalities of Spain" (pueblos y nacionalidades de Espaa) and their respective cultures, traditions, languages, and institutions. In 1942, she co-founded Ihud, a political party in Mandatory Palestine dedicated to a binational solution.

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